作用: to act on, to affect, action, function, activity, impact, result, effect, purpose, intent, (suffix) -ation, -tion etc, as in, inhibition...
刨: a plane, to plane, level or make smooth, a plane, to plane, eliminate, to dig, to question...
水泥: cement...
障碍: barrier, obstruction, hindrance, impediment, obstacle...
